Technology and Education Essay Example For Students

Innovation and Education Essay Innovation: A Tool For Education Increasingly more every day innovation penetrates further into our day by day lives and schedules. In truth, it has become such a necessary piece of society, that widespread panic and frenzy would without a doubt follow should it unexpectedly be removed. To permit innovation to take control would without a doubt lead to a breaking down of society. Today, most homerooms are associated with the Internet or at the very least contain PCs to help teach the countries youngsters. Innovation, albeit helpful, is as it were an instrument and should be utilized astutely with respect to the instruction of todays young people. Innovation holds the guarantee of conveying immense measures of data in a short time. The Internet alone contains a plenty of data for any individual who has the craving and capacity to utilize it. With only a tick of a catch an individual can ride the web discovering data running from aardvark to zygote. The speed where data flashes over the screen can be bewildering. Albeit general data is promptly open, acquiring explicit information can be Not more than a day or two ago, I was on-line looking for data with respect to peritonitis. With no guarantees normal, I signed onto an inquiry site and composed in the subject I needed. The pursuit found and shown around twelve destinations identified with peritonitis. Be that as it may, it additionally showed more than three or four dozen locales on themes extending from colon malignant growth to cat leukemia. I cannot make sense of exactly what connection cat leukemia has with peritonitis. Apparently, theyre like one type to a totally different type. Time after time these pursuits appear to take the client to locales that just contain connections to different destinations, with connections to yet different destinations, etc. It took me almost an hour to discover explicit data giving nitty gritty signs and side effects of peritonitis. I never could discover anything with respect to real treatment methods for the infection. Possibly I ought to have taken a brief drive to the library and glanced in an obsolete reference book it would have been quicker and simpler. Dont misunderstand me, Im not saying that innovation is an awful thing, however there are negatives to each positive. Innovation offers a variety of choices, including those for instructive purposes. Numerous undergrads are presently ready to take courses by means of TV, link, and the Web just going to classes nearby for taking tests. Despite the fact that this type of training gives all the more booking adaptability, it denies the understudy of having the option to contact their educator promptly. While in a nearby class, if an understudy has an inquiry on the material being examined, they can just approach their educator for explanation and get a quick reaction. Conflictingly, by taking a TV or Internet course, the understudy would need to email the teacher furthermore, hold as long as a few days to get an answer. School isn't only a gathering to learn realities and speculations. One of the chief elements of school is to show kids how to carry on in gatherings (Postman). As it were, by joining in younger students figure out how to interface with others in a positive and helpful manner. By permitting innovation to assume control over the training of our kids we preclude them the inclination from claiming being incorporated as a citizen. For without social connection, society itself does not exist anymore. At once, numerous years prior, dialing 0 on the phone associated them to a no nonsense individual on the opposite end. Quite a while later innovation dominated and one needed to explore through a bunch of modernized menus for data, delivering a great many grumblings from clients. As of now, different telephone organizations promote how one would now be able to dial 0 and get a living, In spite of the fact that innovation can give an almost perpetual gracefully of data, it can't give the instruments vital for comprehension. A PC can basically show realities, knowledge must be learned through cooperation with others. In the event that a kid can't understand an idea, a PC will not have the option to re-clarify things in a manner the kid comprehends; it can just recurrent the information. Nourishment and You Essay Instead of being exposed to such pictures, understudies must have the option to understand that they should take the risk and take a gander at the things outside and not only the through the mechanical world (Schwarz 79). PCs are likewise high-support supplies for schools. In contrast to books, which speak to commonly fixed costs, innovation requires a critical, consistent money related info. The valuable lifetimes of PCs and their product are now and again quantifiable in months, not years. Expenses for possibly fleeting PC equipment and programming immediately become colossal. Additionally, these expenses .

Exploring the psychological explanations for Crime and Deviance

Investigating the mental clarifications for Crime and Deviance Wrongdoing and Deviance, is a significant point which influences generally every general public in todays world. When characterizing wrongdoing and abnormality, it will depend of the standards and estimations of a general public. Numerous social orders have a wide range of qualities and standards. Standards of society, is the place all general public individuals are required to fit in with specific practices. Estimations of a general public, is the place a general public qualities something which all general public individuals comply with. For instance, numerous social orders esteem particular kinds of religion, for example, Christianity or Buddhism and numerous different sorts of religion. Wrongdoing in the public arena, is normally quite certain, that it conflicts with the laws of society. Individuals who carry out violations, are overstepping the law and whenever got, must be rebuffed. Individuals can be rebuffed for carrying out violations, for example, thievery, harm to people groups property, murder and ambush. Individuals who are seen as liable of carrying out wrongdoings, must be rebuffed by the official courtrooms. Wrongdoing is a relative idea. This implies how a general public perspectives criminal acts, can vary. Criminal acts in a single society, may not be viewed as a criminal demonstration in another general public. Society may likewise contrast in how to rebuff individuals for carrying out explicit criminal acts. (Brush and Selznick, 1963 p 540,541). When taking a gander at wrongdoing in the public arena, it is essential to take a gander at the physiological and mental methodologies comparable to wrongdoing. These methodologies have been censured. Taking a gander at the physiological methodology, an organic hypothesis was done by Cesare Lombroso. Cesare Lombroso, attempted to see whether there was an association among wrongdoing and organic causes. In 1876, Cesare Lombroso completed research called LUomo Delinquente. Cesare Lombroso (1835 1909), thought of the proposal that lawbreakers could be distinguished utilizing certain physical characterisitics, for example, huge jaws, low brows and unreasonable body hair. Cesare Lombrosos work was excused, on the grounds that the hypothesis was just centered around the hoodlums, in jail. This hypothesis neglected to consider, why a few people who have comparable human properties, are found all through the world. The hypothesis, neglected to clarify how certain physical human properties recognize lawbreakers from individuals who don't carry out crimes. (Macionis and Plummer,1998. P207) The mental methodology proposes that criminal conduct, could be disclosed because of the people mental make up and procedures, for example, character, as opposed to the people physical attributes. Hans Eysenck, did look into in Crime and character in 1964. Hans Eysenck, recommended that it was conceivable that specific character qualities that individuals have can make certain individuals impervious to train than others.(Stephenson,1992. Page 7). Hans Eysenck additionally recommended that individuals with certain character qualities would be bound to carry out criminal behaviours.(Stephenson,1992. Page 7). By and large, utilizing the physiological and mental methodology has been condemned as it doesn't consider a few factors, for example, investigating how originations of good and bad at first rise,.(Macionis and Plummer,1998. P208). Abnormality can be characterized as conduct which doesn't adjust to specific standards of a particular society.(Haralambos Holborn,2008). Aberrance can be clarified as a more extensive term than wrongdoing. It isn't explicit and degenerate conduct may not be criminal. Degenerate conduct can be certain and the conduct can be remunerated. A case of positive freak conduct can be warriors battling for their nation. They might be compensated for their valiance and mental fortitude. Degenerate conduct can likewise be negative. A case of pessimistic freak conduct may incorporate individuals who submit murder. This may conflict with the societys estimation of the value of each person and standards, bringing about serious discipline. Some degenerate conduct might be endured in todays society. The conduct isn't rebuffed or remunerated, by society individuals. (Haralambos Holborn,2008 P.321). Numerous social orders have acknowledged same sex connections and families, which would not have been acknowledged numerous years prior. They are not remunerated or rebuffed, they are endured in the general public. Laws of society can change, which depends on the standards and estimations of society individuals. As change can occur, wrongdoing and abnormality can change too. It is hard to give full meaning of abnormality, as there is no finished way. It is an expansive territory of research. Conduct which was seen as inadmissible and degenerate, might be acknowledged in todays society or later on. For instance, in certain societies in the past it was viewed as freak for ladies to smoke and to wear make up in broad daylight places. These days, ladies have more opportunity to wear make up or to smoke in broad daylight places. Another model is homosexuality. Prior to 1969, it was unlawful for men to have gay relations. As the laws changed in 1969, it was made lawful that men beyond twenty one years old could have gay relations.(Haralambos Holborn, 2008. P322). The renowned essayist, Oscar Wilde was detained for having an illicit relationship with Lord Alfred Douglas before the 1967 Sexual Offenses Act was passed. (Johnston,2002.) Abnormality is socially determined(Haralambos Holborn,2008. P322). This implies freak conduct can change because of various societies or a few social orders may acknowledge particular kinds of practices, though different social orders may discover the conduct inadmissible. (Haralambos Holborn, 2008 p 322). The functionalist hypothesis according to the theme wrongdoing and aberrance is functionalists consider society to be an entire, utilizing a large scale level methodology. Functionalists center around additional on the wellsprings of abnormality in the public arena, not how individuals submit degenerate conduct in a general public. Functionalists propose that wrongdoing and abnormality can give an a positive capacity in the public eye. Individuals may feel as a major aspect of a network and all the more piece of a general public. A case of this is the point at which the Dunblane Tragedy happened. This influenced numerous individuals, which shaped even more a closeness in the public eye. Emile Durkheim proposed that a specific degree of wrongdoing and aberrance is vital, all together for a general public to work. The wrongdoing and aberrance levels may get useless if crime percentages increment. This can make a general public whose social request is upset, which can make social mayhem . In the event that crime percentages decline, stagnation may happen where the general public may not work appropriately. Robert Merton (1968) proposes that anomie, where individuals feel normlessness in a general public, could occur if a general public doesn't work appropriately. Emile Durkheim likewise recommended that a few citizenry, may oppose societys standards and qualities. A few people may have various perspectives on the standards and estimations of society. Functionalists likewise propose the wrongdoing can create work for individuals in the public eye. Functionalists recommend that without hoodlums, numerous individuals in the police power, jail laborers, court laborers would not have business. A case of a Functionalist hypothesis on Crime and Deviance is Emile Durkheims investigation of suicide(1897). Durkheim for the most part centered around self destruction rates to check whether there was any social conditions which could impact or debilitate individuals from ending it all. Emile Durkheim saw that self destruction rates appeared to increase more during times of political hardship during 1848, around various European nations. Emile Durkheim perceived that self destruction rates may be identified with social steadiness and combination of society. Utilizing this hypothesis, Emile Durkheim utilized an alternate arrangement of information, chiefly from European nations. Watching the self destruction rates in various European nations he saw that they were equivalently contrasts yet started to see a theme. Most nations who rehearsed Protestant as their religion had the most elevated self destruction rates than nations who basically rehearsed Catholic as their religion. Principle protestant nations had one hundred and ninety suicides for every million individuals. These figures were contrasted with blended protestant and catholic confidence nations who had ninety six suicides for each million individuals. Principle catholic nations had fifty eight suicides for each million individuals. Emile Durkheim started to think about whether there was a connection among self destruction and religion. Durkheim attempted to take a gander at different factors, for example, financial and social contrasts. In the wake of taking a gander at the self destruction paces of Bavaria in Germany where mostly catholic individuals remained there was a low number of suicides. Emile Durkheim at that point took a gander at the self destruction paces of Prussia where mostly individuals had a protestant confidence. He noticed that Prussia had a higher self destruction rate than Bavaria. Emile Durkheim at that point inferred that religion is identified with self destruction. Utilizing this hypothesis and the data he gathered previously, he reasoned that self destruction can be because of Anomie. This implies when a general public is normlessness, where there is absence of social steadiness and mix. During political hardship, individuals may feel not a piece of society a nd feel self destruction is the main way out. Durkheim presumed that there is low self destruction rates in Catholic nations on the grounds that there was progressively social control and soundness that the religion brings than the protestant nations. Durkheim reasons that social soundness and reconciliation goes about as a security for individuals in the public eye from instability and self destruction. To assess the Functionalist viewpoint on wrongdoing and aberrance, is that the functionalist hypothesis gives a full scale level methodology. It takes a gander at the master plan, giving more knowledge into how a general public structures identifying with wrongdoing and abnormality. It gives a superior discussion, with respect to how the natural hypothesis identifies with wrongdoing. Anomie, portrayed in Robert Mertons hypothesis (1968) gives more inside and out sociological speculation, into todays society. In any case, Emile Durkheim was condemned for utilizing measurements that was questionable in his investigation of suicide(1897). Durkheims insights, were just utilized in Europe. No different countrys insights was utilized, so the hypothesis can not be identified with different nations. The measurements did n

How to Hack Your Workspace for Creativity

How to Hack Your Workspace for Creativity Sometimes less is simply less at least when it comes to work environments. While the ‘lean enterprise’ approach has optimized manufacturing processes in companies for decades, some firms have taken it a step too far by adopting the ‘lean’ philosophy in their office design. As it turns out, minimalistic furnishing might not be such a good idea, reportedly  making workers miserable and unproductive. Our work environment may have a much bigger impact on our performance than we thought. Based on the latest research: Here’s how to boost your employees creativity and productivity by creating an inspirational work environment. A More Human-Centered Place Studies have shown that creativity-supporting work environments not only enhance innovative behavior at an individual level but can boost the entire firms product innovation performance. Designing space for creativity and innovation therefore must happen across the whole firm. But “design” in this case doesn’t stand for chic and style; what it really means is an effort to create a more human-centered place. For example, installing moveable furniture enables employees to experiment with seating orders and allows them to rotate tables together during brainstorming sessions. It takes away from the feeling of being stuck at a particular place. A related trend is what is known as activity-based working. In this concept, spaces are not assigned to a particular worker but rather to an activity. Thus, workers choose where to work based on their current task. And while this model might not be suitable for every department and industry, it has been found to be extremely advantageous for people who work in agile environments and come equipped with a rather open personality. If changing location inside your office is not an option, another way to boost creativity might be to start leaving the office for limited periods of time. Research has shown that a change in scenery positively impacts the generation of new ideas. Various services now make it easy to temporarily rent out office space from others, and brainstorming while simply going for a walk in the park can be a great way to foster a free flow of ideas. Even Small Changes Can Have a Big Impact Many companies already put a lot of effort into optimizing their meeting rooms and facilitating creative group brainstorming sessions. But fostering creativity is just as important when employees are working on their own, at their desks. There, even small improvements can have a big impact, for instance, when it comes to the items in our offices. Plants, for example, have been shown to improve the comfort of workers, as well as improve employee productivity by a whopping 15%. That is, in addition to providing valuable extra oxygen and an overall cleaner indoor air. Things like silly putty, kinetic sand, puzzles and building blocks can be good to have on hand, too. They’re not only fun to play with but can help reduce anxiety as well as spark creativity. Overall, having a few items that are not work-related on tables and windowsills does not distract, it inspires. Subconsciously, it seems, our creativity is also influenced by the colors around us. A study conducted by the University of British Columbia has found that “red is the most effective at enhancing our attention to detail, while blue is best at boosting our ability to think creatively.” Lastly, lighting design is an often underestimated factor. In a study from 2014, participants that were exposed to natural light significantly outperformed those exposed to electric light. While we don’t always have the luxury of working in completely natural light, this does indicate that lamps aren’t the best place to save money when designing office spaces for creativity. We’re at the beginning of big changes and that’s a good thing. While optimizing for productivity tends to put even more pressure on employees, optimizing for creativity is a process that removes structures and restrictions. Schedules and working hours are likely to become even more flexible, and practices such as out-of-office meetings promise a future in more exciting work environments. Overall, it seems this new trend is one that finally both employers and employees will be able to get behind. Will you?

Animal Testing Is Cruel And Unusual Punishment - 2041 Words

Since the earliest 1970s, there has been an emotional debate over the use of animals in pharmaceutical research. The core question is whether animals have moral rights and if they should be accepted and protected by humans. This is widely philosophical question, but the answer has many possible consequences. For example, if any animal of any species has a right to life, then should it be wrong to kill them? If animals have a right to freedom, then is it be wrong to hold them in captivity? If animals have a right to happiness and security, then is it be wrong to interfere in their natural lives? Animal testing is the most controversial issue in the philosophy of animal rights. Fortunately, there are alternatives that are more effective. While some believe that animal testing is cruel and unusual punishment, others contend that it can help save lives. The animals used in testing for cosmetics and pharmaceutical products are often subjected to abuse and serious injury as a result of th e tests. Some animals are left with irreversible harm to the skin, organs and brain, and other usually dies as a result of infections or hazardous products. Undoubtedly, the scientific breakthrough brings great benefits to humans, but this progress has certain limits. Most of society does not justify the use of experiments with humans against their will, although it would mean great progress in the search for new vaccines and therapies. What place should animals have in an acceptable moralShow MoreRelatedAnimal Testing Is Cruel And Unusual Punishment And Should Discontinue1308 Words   |  6 Pages Animal Testing Animal testing has been going on for years; however, few question the ethics of testing medicines that would cure human diseases on animals. Various animals being tested in labs and cruelly force them to be a host of harmful diseases negatively affect their health. Animal testing is cruel and unusual punishment and should discontinue. Animal experimentation is a subject that many know of but don’t know much about. Although it is a big topic, people still don’t pay much attentionRead MoreUsing Death Row Inmates For Medical Research Essay examples920 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Katelyn Morgan ENG 111 Shores October, 2012 Using Death Row Inmates For Medical Research Due to animal testing, one animal dies in a laboratory in the United States every second, in Japan every two seconds and in the United Kingdom every twelve seconds. Billions of non-human animals have been burnt, crushed, sliced, electrocuted, poisoned with toxic chemicals, and psychologically tormented because of medical research. Alternatives for these experiments have shown to be less expensive and canRead MoreAnimal Cruelty: The Bloody War Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal Cruelty; the Bloody War Let the voiceless speak. Animals have roamed the harsh lands and glided through the rough waters for approximately 510 million years, while humans have only been around for an estimated 200,000 years (Cain/Ramel). The earth had been the Animal Kingdom for about 509 million years until Homo sapiens started appearing, growing as fast as bacteria. They became a part of the food chain, on top; their minds were far more complex than most of the animals. They were ableRead MoreDeath Penalty: Killing Is Wrong1044 Words   |  5 Pagespenalty as well. Death Penalty 3 The eighth amendment states no excessive bail or fines, or cruel and unusual punishment. In the Ten Commandments it states, do not murder. Murdering a human being is a capital sin. How are we holding true to that if we are basically commiting capital sin by killing someone who has killed. Isn’t capital punishment cruel and unusual? Some may say well they killed another human being so they should be killed themselves. What are we proving or accomplishingRead More Animal Testing and Researching Essay1035 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal Testing and Researching Animal testing is supported by some, but opposed to others. The growing number of animals used in research differs among the different countries. The fruit fly and nematode are the most used animal in testing. However, the most common mammals used in animal research are mice and rats. Shaved albino rabbits and guinea pigs suffer severe testing for skin irritancy and eye irritancy. Though the usage of non-human primates are outlawed in some countries, the U.S. stillRead MoreEveryone Can Associate The Word, â€Å"Cancer†, With Someone1200 Words   |  5 Pagesproblem with current medical research because most of the testing is performed on animals. It makes sense to use humans to find a possible cure for any human disease. Each year thousands of people die from cancer or a life-threatening disease because of ineffective medical research, therefore, inmates for life should have the opportunity to participate in medical research testing which could lead to cures for cancer. First, animal testing has not been proven accurate for converting drugs to humanRead MoreSolitary Confinement Should Not Be Rigid And Tough On Crime1244 Words   |  5 PagesDefining Solitary Confinement The government has concluded that any research lab should not keep testing animals in the cages, so why government is treating human being in that way? The term solitary confinement becomes so popular as the politicians promised to be rigid and tough on crime. The politician makes different promises about keeping us safe and putting bad peoples behind the bars, but they donot think twice about potential effects on the convict’s health and family. Moving on, SolitaryRead MorePossibilities Of Consciousness And Human Consciousness1452 Words   |  6 Pagesguidelines that it provides for them. Scientists have developed tests including the mirror test, which is the test that proves one to recognize itself in the mirror, and metacognition, which is being aware and able to report on your mind, have proven that animals including chimpanzees, dolphins, great apes, pigs, etc. have passed and proven these tests. Bor’s â€Å"take on this data is that it is extremely likely that all the species that can recognize themselves in the mirror or show metacognitive abilities haveRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment3365 Words   |  14 Pageswhen the person is put to death, they are taught absolutely nothing because they are no longer alive to learn from it. The penalty is nothing but a cruel murder killing someone. A murder killing a possible murder. 2. The death penalty is also known as capital punishment, a legal process whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime. The judicial ruling that someone be punished in this manner is a death sentence, while the actual enforcement is an execution. CrimesRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment3192 Words   |  13 PagesThe death penalty is also known as capital punishment, a legal process whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime. The judicial ruling that someone be punished in this manner is a death sentence, while the actual enforcement is an execution. Crimes that can result in a death penalty are known as capital crimes or capital offenses. 41 capital offenses punishable by death were listed by The United States federal government. The capital offenses include espionage, treason

Persuasive Essay On Energy Drinks - 1057 Words

You are sitting there trying to finish your homework for school at 9:00 at night but you can not get it done because you keep dozing off and falling asleep so you go in the refrigerator and grab a energy drink to keep you up and do the homework but what you do not know is how those energy drinks treat you and your body down the road. Then as you go through the week you keep grabbing and buying more and more energy drinks and you get addicted so you keep going and going through all of the energy drinks and then first it was a day and then it turned into a week and then it turned into a month and if you last that long it turns into a year. And then the last energy drink you drink turns into nonstop terror because know you feel like your†¦show more content†¦What is actually in an energy drink is caffeine, guarana, taurine, ginseng, sugars and B vitamins but it also varies from which brand of energy drink you get. The amount of caffeine that is in an energy drink is 74 mg which that is more than an average Pepsi or Coke and the amount of sugar in an energy drink is 29 grams which is not good for your health. Here are some injuries that energy drinks can cause to you and your body it can cause you to have a heart attack which how it does that is that with all of the excessive caffeine in your system which causes you to have reduced blood flow in you blood vessels and causes blood clots to form. Then after that happens your heart has to work harder to get your blood pumping through your blood vessels but then it starts going to fats and causes you to have a heart attack which can kill you. Another injury that an energy drink can cause to your body is kidney stones which how that happens is after you drink an energy drink the fluid or minerals and acids goes to your kidneys in your urine are out of balance, the amount of crystal forming substances in the urine increases. Than these substances include calcium, uric acid and oxalate. And than the fluid in your urine can not dilute the crystal substances, which stick together to form stones. There may be also beShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay : Energy Drinks957 Words   |  4 Pages Persuasive Essay. While sitting behind the steering wheel of your tractor trailer, you promptly notice time is swiftly passing. You’ve been driving for hours and yet sleeping is not plausible seeing y 12 hours remaining on your route. So, what should you do? Perhaps you struggle with the heaviness of your eyelids, or maybe you try what numerous truck drivers do; snag an energy drink. Without energy drinks, remaining alert as well as focused at a time such as this appears out of the questionRead MorePersuasive Essay On Energy Drinks1295 Words   |  6 Pagesfor studying or playing games or anything. The next morning they’re too tired and sometimes they oversleep and are late for school. To solve this problem, they just drink a can of Red bull or any kind of energy drink so they don’t fall asleep in class. Energy drinks are one of the most popular drinks in the United States. Energy drinks arent healthy and are loaded with high amounts of caffeine. They contain ingredients that are harmful to the body. People may think they wake a person up and get hisRead MoreEssay on Pepsi’s 2003 Advertising Campaign1085 Words   |  5 Pagesconsumer product companies in the world. It divides into two major domestic and international businesses, beverages and snack foods. In order to attract the broadest number of customers, advertising plays a significant role. In this essay, the advertising campaign of Pepsi in 2003, which was unveiled not only on TV, but outdoor advertising as well, will be analyzed. The aim for this campaign is about combine consumption of food and Pepsi. 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Desalination is a chemical process in which natural compounds are separated from water, making the water clean and drinkable. Traditionally, sea water is propelled through hydraulic pumps which create a flow to separate the water from the sea salt. Hydraulic pumps require certain chemicalsRead MoreCoke Products Are Consumed Everyday1404 Words   |  6 Pageswill show various ways that the company has improved their marketing of the popular soft drink. While analyzing the two separate Coca-Cola commercials, this essay will show the similarities and differences between the two. The TV commercial â€Å"Smart Shoppers Drink Coca-Cola† from the 1950s presents the classic soft drink in a positive, encouraging, persuasive manner that will attract consumers. The soft drink is present by a male narrator in a restaurant setting. The narrator starts by asking a directRead MorePrevention Persuasive Essay : Cancer Prevention941 Words   |  4 PagesAllie Cormier 01/30/2015 Dr. Green Biology B Cancer Prevention Persuasive Essay Everyday, an abundance of people ask what they can do to prevent themselves from especially getting cancer. Cancer, very similar to the steps of mitosis, occurs when cells divide uncontrollably. It starts by how a cell or a group of cells doesn’t follow the body’s typical growth controls. Cancer is hard to detect in the early stages due to the fact that it produces very few symptoms. Many rumors go around about whatRead MoreFallacies : A Logical Fallacy1741 Words   |  7 PagesA logical fallacy is false or misinforming opinions that prove nothing. At times fallacies seem to be sound, and often have lots of persuasive control, even after it’s undoubtedly exposed as being untrue. Fallacies are not always deliberate, still yet we find them all over the place, like commercials for an example. Though there are several logical fallacies, four logical fallacies generally found in advertising are amphiboly, appeal to authority, appeal to emotion, and non sequitur (log ic). FallaciesRead MoreEssay on The Mighty Red Bull in the World of Marketing3258 Words   |  14 Pagesthe brand Red Bull-an energy drink. An entrepreneur Dietrich Mateschitz founded the company Red Bull GmbH in 1984 after encountering the original drink called Krating Daeng (indirectly translates to Red Bull) in Thailand. The drink is an energy booster, which increases attention and concentration and also incentivizes your metabolism (Bized, 2008). The brand enjoys worldwide annual sales of more than one billion cans and claims a 60% volume share of the world’s energy drinks (Mintel, 2005). In 2003Read MoreCommon Pharmacological Treatments For Alcohol Dependence1803 Words   |  8 Pagessubstantial burden of disease and disability in both developed and developing countries† (Babor, 2008). Moreover, the aim to archive social standardisation seems to be lagged behind. Therefore, it is imperative to eradicate this serious problem. This essay will examine three common pharmacological treatments for alcohol dependence: Disulfiram, Acamprosate and Naltrexone and its possible problems. Then it will argue that Acamprosate is the most effective treatment and some recommendations such as combinational

Introduction to How PCs Work Free Essays

string(134) " you to add new information to your computer very easily, as well as save information that you want to carry to a different location\." When you mention the word â€Å"technology,† most people think about computers. Virtually every facet of our lives has some computerized component. The appliances in our homes have microprocessors built into them, as do our televisions. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to How PCs Work or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even our cars have computers. But the computer that everyone thinks of first is typically the personal computer, or PC. A PC is a general-purpose tool built around a microprocessor.It has lots of different parts — including memory, a hard disk, a modem, and more — that work together. â€Å"General purpose† means that you can do many different things with a PC. You can use it to type documents, send e-mail, browse the Internet and play games. PCs trace their history back to the 1970s, when a man named Ed Roberts began to sell computer kits based on a microprocessor chip designed by Intel. Roberts called his computer the Altair 8800 and sold the unassembled kits for $395. Popular Electronics ran a story about the kid in its January 1975 issue, and to the surprise of just about everyone, the kits became an instant hit and the era of the personal computer began [source: The Computer History Project]. A few years later, the dynamic duo of Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak unleashed the Apple II computer on the world. From that point on, the personal computer really began to take off. Other manufacturers followed suit, and soon there were computers from Commodore, Atari and Texas Instruments.Not long after the debut of the Apple II, IBM got into the personal computer game. Today, when someone says PC, chances are they mean a machine running on the Microsoft Windows operating system with an x86-compatible microprocessor. While Apple Macintosh computers are technically personal computers, most people wouldn’t call them PCs. In this article, we will talk about PCs in the general sense and all the different parts that go into them. You’ll learn about the various components and how they work together in a basic operating session.You’ll also find out what the future may hold for these machines. PC Parts Let’s take a look at the main components of a typical desktop computer: †¢ Central processing unit (CPU) – The microprocessor â€Å"brain† of the computer system is called the central processing unit. It’s a chip that holds a complete computational engine. It uses assembly language as its native language. Everything that a computer does is overseen by the CPU. †¢ Memory – This is very fast storage used to hold data. It has to be fast because it connects directly to the microprocessor.There are several specific types of memory in a computer: †¢ Random-access memory (RAM) – Used to temporarily store information with which the computer is currently working †¢ Read-only memory (ROM) – A permanent type of memory storage used by the computer for important data that doesn’t change †¢ Basic input/output system (BIOS) – A type of ROM that is used by the computer to establish basic communication when the computer is first powered on †¢ Caching – The storing of frequently used data in extremely fast RAM that connects directly to the CPU †¢ Virtual memory – Space on a hard disk used to temporarily store data and swap it in and out of RAM as needed †¢ Flash memory – a solid state storage device, Flash memory requires no moving parts and retains data even after t he computer powers off †¢ Motherboard – This is the main circuit board to which all of the other internal components connect. The CPU and memory are usually on the motherboard. Other systems may be found directly on the motherboard or connected to it through a secondary connection.For example, a sound card can be built into the motherboard or connected through an expansion slot. Power supply – An electrical transformer regulates the electricity used by the computer. †¢ Hard disk – This is large-capacity permanent storage used to hold information such as programs and documents. Traditional hard drives contain moving parts — the drive has platters on which it stores data. The drive spins the platters to record and read data. But some newer hard drives are flash-based with no moving parts. These drives are called solid-state drives. †¢ Operating system – This is the basic software that allows the user to interface with the computer. †¢ Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) Controller – This is the primary interface for the hard drive, CD-ROM and floppy disk drive. Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) – This is a very high-speed connection used by the graphics card to interface with the computer. †¢ Sound card – This is used by the computer to record and play audio by converting analog sound into digital information and back again. †¢ Graphics card – This translates image data from the computer into a format that can be displayed by the monitor. Some graphics cards have their own powerful processing units (called a GPU — graphics processing unit). The GPU can handle operations that normally would require the CPU. †¢ Ports – In computer hardware terms, a port is an interface that allows a computer to communicate with peripheral equipment. †¢ Real-time clock – Every PC has a clock containing a vibrating crystal. By referring to this clock, all the components in a computer can synchronize properly. †¢ Complementary Metal-oxide Semiconductor – The CMOS and CMOS battery allow a computer to store information even when the computer powers down. The battery provides uninterrupted power. †¢ Fans, heat sinks and cooling systems – The components in a computer generate heat. As heat rises, performance can suffer. Cooling systems keep computers from overheating. PC Connections A typical computer connects to the world around it in three different ways: input/output devices, ports and networking. No matter how powerful the components inside your computer are, you need a way to interact with them. This interaction is called input/output (I/O).The most common types of I/O in PCs are: †¢ Monitor – The monitor is the primary device for displaying information from the computer. †¢ Keyboard – The keyboard is the primary device for entering information into the computer. †¢ Mouse – The mouse is the primary device for navigating and interacting with the computer. †¢ Removable storage – Removable storage devices allow you to add new information to your computer very easily, as well as save information that you want to carry to a different location. You read "Introduction to How PCs Work" in category "Papers" There are several types of removable storage: o CD-ROM – CD-ROM (compact disc, read-only memory) is a popular form of distribution of commercial software. Many systems now offer CD-R (recordable) and CD-RW (rewritable), which can also record. CD-RW discs can be erased and rewritten many times. o Flash memory – Based on a type of ROM called electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), Flash memory provides fast, permanent storage. CompactFlash, SmartMedia and PCMCIA cards are all types of Flash memory. o DVD-ROM – DVD-ROM (digital versatile disc, read-only memory) is similar to CD-ROM but is capable of holding much more information. You may use Bluetooth or Wi-Fi to sync your music player or print driving directions, but many computers still have ports to help you connect to a wide selection of peripherals.While there have been others, two are most commonly found on newer computers: †¢ Universal Serial Bus (USB) – The most popular external connection, USB ports offer power and versatility and are incredibly easy to use. †¢ FireWire (IEEE 1394) – FireWire is a very popular method of connecting digital-video devices, such as camcorders or digital cameras, to your computer. Networking, especially to the Internet, is very important to today’s computer users. Your computer can probably use one or more of these methods: †¢ Modem – This is the standard method of connecting to the Internet. †¢ Local area network (LAN) card – This is used by many computers, particularly those in an Ethernet office network, to connect to one another. Cable modem – This type of modem uses the cable system in your home, like the kind you might use to subscribe to cable TV, to connect to the Internet. †¢ Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) modem – This is a high-speed connection that works over a standard telephone line. †¢ Very high bit-rate DSL (VDSL) modem – A newer variation of DSL, VDSL requires that your phone line have fiber-optic cables. An even faster version called the gigabit per second DSL (GDSL) may follow [source: Cioffi, et al. ]. Powering Up a PC A typical computer session begins with turning on the power. Here’s what happens in that process: 1. You press the â€Å"On† button on the computer and the monitor. 2.You see the BIOS software doing its thing, called the power-on self-test (POST). On many machines, the BIOS displays text describing such data as the amount of memory installed in your computer and the type of hard disk you have. During this boot sequence, the BIOS does a remarkable amount of work to get your computer ready to run. †¢ The BIOS determines whether the video card is operational. Most video cards have a miniature BIOS of their own that initializes the memory and graphics processor on the card. If they don’t, there is usually video-driver information on another ROM on the motherboard that the BIOS can load. †¢ The BIOS checks to see if this is a cold boot or a reboot. It does this by hecking the value at memory address 0000:0472. A value of 1234h indicates a reboot, in which case the BIOS skips the rest of POST. Any other value is considered a cold boot. †¢ If your computer is undergoing a cold boot, the BIOS verifies RAM by performing a read/write test of each memory address. It checks for a keyboard and a mouse. It looks for an expansion bus and, if it finds one, checks all the connected cards. If the BIOS finds any errors during the POST, it notifies you with a series of beeps or a text message displayed on the screen. An error at this point is almost always a hardware problem. †¢ The BIOS displays some details about your system.This typically includes information about the following: o Processor o Floppy and hard drive o Memory o BIOS revision and date o Display †¢ Any special drivers, such as those for expansion cards, are loaded from the adapter and the BIOS displays the information. †¢ The BIOS looks at the sequence of storage devices identified as boot devices in the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) setup. Boot is short for â€Å"bootstrap,† as in the old phrase â€Å"Pull yourself up by your bootstraps. † Boot refers to the process of launching the operating system. The BIOS tries to initiate the boot sequence from the first device using the bootstrap loader. 3. The bootstrap loader loads the operating system into memory and allows it to begin operation. It does this by setting up the divisions of memory that hold the operating system, user information and applications. The bootstrap loader then establishes the data structures that are used to communicate within and between the sub-systems and applications of the computer. Finally, it turns control of the computer over to the operating system. PC Operating Systems Once loaded, the operating system’s tasks fall into six broad categories: †¢ Processor management – Breaking the tasks down into manageable chunks and prioritizing them before sending to the CPU †¢ Memory management -Coordinating the flow of data in and out of RAM and determining when virtual memory is necessary †¢ Device management – Providing an interface between each device connected to the computer, the CPU and applications †¢ Storage management – Directing where data will be stor ed permanently on hard drives and other forms of storage †¢ Application Interface – Providing a standard communications and data exchange between software programs and the computer †¢ User Interface – Providing a way for you to communicate and interact with the computer Say, for example, that you open up a word processing program and type a letter, save it and then print it out. Several components work together to make this happen: ? The keyboard and mouse send your input to the operating system. The operating system determines that the word-processing program is the active program and accepts your input as data for that program. ?The word-processing program determines the format that the data is in and, via the operating system, stores it temporarily in RAM. ? Each instruction from the word-processing program is sent by the operating system to the CPU. These instructions are intertwined with instructions from other programs that the operating system is overseeing before being sent to the CPU. ? All this time, the operating system is steadily providing display information to the graphics card, directing what will be displayed on the monitor. When you choose to save the letter, the word-processing program sends a request to the operating system, which then provides a standard window for selecting where you wish to save the information and what you want to call it. Once you have chosen the name and file path, the operating system directs the data from RAM to the appropriate storage device. ? You click on â€Å"Print. † The word-processing program sends a request to the operating system, which translates the data into a format the printer understands and directs the data from RAM to the appropriate port for the printer you requested. ? You open up a Web browser and check out HowStuffWorks. Once again, the operating system coordinates all of the action. This time, though, the computer receives input from another source, the Internet, as well as from you.The operating system seamlessly integrates all incoming and outgoing information. ? You close the Web browser and choose the â€Å"Shut Down† option. ? The operating system closes all programs that are currently active. If a program has unsaved information, you’re given an opportunity to save it before closing the program. ? The operating system writes its current settings to a special configuration file so that it will boot up next time with the same settings. ? If the computer provides software control of power, then the operating system will completely turn off the computer when it finishes its own shut-down cycle. Otherwise, you will have to turn the power off manually. The Future of PCsSilicon microprocessors have been the heart of the computing world for more than 40 years. In that time, microprocessor manufacturers have crammed more electronic devices onto microprocessors. In 1965, Intel founder Gordon Moore predicted that microprocessors would double in complexity every two years. Since then, the number of electronic devices put on a microprocessor has doubled every 18 months, and the prediction has come to be known as Moore’s Law. Many have predicted that Moore’s Law will soon reach its end because of the physical limitations of silicon microprocessors. 2008 HowStuffWorks Extreme ultraviolet lithography is the future of computer-chip manufacturing.The current process used to pack more transistors onto a chip is called deep-ultraviolet lithography (DUVL), which is a photography-like technique that focuses light through lenses to carve circuit patterns on silicon wafers. While new manufacturing techniques have extended the useful lifespan of the DUVL process, before long chip manufacturers will have to use new techniques to keep up with Moore’s Law. Many are already looking at extreme-ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) as a way to extend the life of silicon at least until the end of the decade. EUVL uses mirrors instead of lenses to focus the light, which allows light with shorter wavelengths to focus on the silicon wafer accurately. To learn more about EUVL, see How EUVL Chipmaking Works.Beyond EUVL, researchers have been looking at alternatives to the traditional microprocessor design. Two of the more interesting emerging technologies are DNA computers and quantum computers. DNA computers have the potential to take computing to new levels, picking up where Moore’s Law leaves off. There are several advantages to using DNA instead of silicon: †¢ As long as there are cellular organisms, there will be a supply of DNA. †¢ The large supply of DNA makes it a cheap resource. †¢ Unlike traditional microprocessors, which are made using toxic materials, DNA biochips can be made cleanly. †¢ DNA computers are many times smaller than today’s computers.DNA’s key advantage is that it will make computers smaller than any computer that has come before, while at the same time increasing storage capacity. One pound (0. 45 kilogram) of DNA has the capacity to store more information than all the electronic computers ever built. The computing power of a teardrop-sized DNA computer, using the DNA logic gates, will be more powerful than the world’s most powerful supercomputer. More than 10 trillion DNA molecules can fit into an area no larger than 1 cubic centimeter (. 06 cubic inch). With this small amount of DNA, a computer would be able to hold 10 terabytes (TB) of data and perform 10 trillion calculations at a time. By adding more DNA, more calculations could be performed.Unlike conventional computers, DNA computers could perform calculations simultaneously. Conventional computers operate in linear fashion, taking on tasks one at a time. Parallel computing will allow DNA to solve complex mathematical problems in hours — problems that might take electrical computers hundreds of years to complete. You can learn more about DNA computing in How DNA Computers Will Work. Today’s computers work by manipulating bits that exist in one of two states: 0 or 1. Quantum computers aren’t limited to two states; they encode information as quantum bits, or qubits. A qubit can be a 1 or a 0, or it can exist in a superposition that is simultaneously 1 and 0 or somewhere in between.Qubits represent atoms that are working together to serve as computer memory and a microprocessor. Because a quantum computer can contain these multiple states simultaneously, it has the potential to be millions of times more powerful than today’s most powerful supercomputers. A 30-qubit quantum computer would equal the processing power of a conventional computer capable of running at 10 teraops, or trillions of operations per second. To equal the top of the line in supercomputers you’d need more qubits. The Roadrunner supercomputer can run at a petaflop — 1,000 trillian floating point operations per second. You can learn more about the potential of quantum computers in How Quantum Computers Will Work. How to cite Introduction to How PCs Work, Papers

Business Plan Greenish Farm

Question: Describe about the Company Description, Industry Analysis, Product, Strategy and Implementation of Greenish Farm? Answer: Executive Summary Greenish Farm is a well known business in Zambia which is highly engaged in providing top quality product to the people from past many years. The company has decided to penetrate into commodity market for the small scale farmers so that a feasible market can be created to place their product and receive exact value for the product. The current business plan has highlighted different scenario such as industry analysis and market analysis to understand the condition of commodity market in Ndola, Zambia. Moreover, Porters five forces model has been used to conduct the industry analysis and have a clear picture. Apart from that, market segmentation and target market has been outlined to understand which famers group will benefit from the commodity market and also which class of target farmers has to be focused upon. Further, the study includes marketing plan, operation plan and also management summary to briefly explain the proposed business plan. Lastly, financial plan has been discusse d to know how much benefit will be generated from the commodity market. 1. Company Description Greenish Farm is a Zambian based business which is located on a prominent market place whose objective is to deliver high quality, fresh, nutritional and healthy agricultural product to the people. The company supplies product to all the near and remote areas of Zambia. The Greenish Farm is owned by two Zambian partners that are Akamonwa and Bawa. Moreover, the people are well acquainted with the company and its operation. However, over the past few years, the company has noticed that farmers do not receive fair value as per the expectation and due to that they registered decline in their sales and income. Thus, it is affecting their growth and product marketing. Apart from that being said, the numbers of competitors have risen which is one of the cause that small scale farmers are not able to meet up their expected level of performance. Therefore, in order to maintain their market cap and customer circle, the company has decided to penetrate into the field of commodities market so t hat best product can be delivered to the customers and better value can be provided to small scale farmer (Baligh, 2007). Therefore, Greenish Farm will be developing commodity market for farmers to sell their product so that best quality farm product can be traded into the commodities market. 1.1 Objectives of Greenish Farm To gain better market value and earn expected profit to small scale farmer To provide quality product service to customers To generate sales of approx ZWM on each business day of every month. To retain consumers for engendering repeat purchase To continuously upgrade supply chain process 1.2 Mission of Greenish Farm The top priority mission of Greenish Farm is to trade in agricultural products in commodities market to generate handsome income and profits for farmers. Moreover, there prime importance is deliver superior customer service and provide high quality rich product for gaining effective customer base. 2. Industry Analysis The commodities market in Zambia in context to agricultural products or other hard commodities is quite better which helps different business groups to earn sufficient earnings from the market. It is evident from the early published report that in last five years, the business that trades in primary products has registered significant growth up to approx 30% which helps them to receive better value for their product from commodity market (Bird, 2010). Therefore, it provides an effective opportunity for the small scale farmer to market their product in the commodity market and receive right value for their product (Barringer, 2010). Moreover, the market is capable in protecting the business during inflation or economic uncertainty. Thus, it is analysed that commodity market is feasible in Zambia and farmers that are not able to place their product strongly into the market can gain large benefit from the particular market. Years Growth in Commodity Market 1999 31.8% 2002 34.4% 2005 38.0% 2008 43.0% 2011 44.5% Table 1: Growth in Commodity Market in Zambia Figure 1: Commodity Market On the other hand, in order to have better understanding of the industry, Porters Five Forces Model will be effective and much clear picture can be drawn. Industry Rivalry: The intense and tough competition in the industry can cause challenges to the prospect of the business (Clarke, 2010). The company, Greenish Farm can face significant competition from other companies that are operating in commodity market with hard commodities such as oil, gold, rubber, etc. Moreover, Greenish Farm can also have difficulty from existing firms that are already dealing in agricultural products. However, as the company will trade product which is grown hydroponically will help them to gain benefit and generate satisfactory profit (Dess, 2012). Therefore, in order to gain right price for product, the company will have to trade in high quality product. Threat of substitutes: The substitute product can pose significant challenges that can affect the operation of Greenish Farm in the proposed market. The presence of organic agricultural products in the market can have serious affect on the earnings of the company and the company may not be able to increase their sales (Drummond et al. 2012). Therefore, the company will have to charge reasonable price and providing high quality product all time. Bargaining power of buyers: As the company has decided to provide products which will be produced hydroponically, therefore, buyers may not have such power to negotiate on price on the hydroponically produced agriculture products (Finch, 2010). Therefore, Greenish Farm can gain effective price for their products and can receive healthier profits. Bargaining power of suppliers: It is evident that if the supplier has the power to bargain then they can take away maximum earnings of the business that can decline the profit level. In the given situation, it is clear that the company will grow their product by their own therefore; there is not much influence of suppliers on the company. However, the company may require suppliers to trade the product in commodity market (Furnham, 2012). Therefore, strong bonding has to be built with the suppliers. Threat of new entrants: The commodity market has provided great opportunity to the small scale farm to enter into the market and receive benefit from investment (Goksoy and Ozsoy, 2007). Therefore, it can be threat for Greenish Farm to operate in successful way. Thus, the company has to provide quality product all the time and in regular form so that they hold their loyal customers and clients. 3. Products Greenish Farm will deal in the vegetable products such as tomatoes, cucumbers and other products of farmers. Moreover, the products will be traded that are grown hydroponically or traditionally so that quality products can be supplied to customers (Hajro, 2012). Apart from that, growing product under high tech tunnels will help the company in gaining longer and faster growth and harvest labour can be decreased by approx 75% and also harvest time can also be declined. Therefore, the company can effectively trade in the commodity market with their specific products. 4. Market Analysis The owner of Greenish Farm has decided to penetrate in the market of Ndola, Zambia as per the assumption; the company will be able to ensure significant benefit and can gain right value for their product (Heagney, 2012). Moreover, the selected location provides effective environment for trading product and the company can generate expected customer base and clients for their agriculture products. Further, the market holds retailers such as Veg Express and Veg Centre. Therefore, company can supply their product to these retailers and other available supermarkets. 4.1 Market Segmentation The major segment that will ensure best value to Greenish Farm will be Veg Centre and retail outlets and other shops that fall within 50 miles of the selected location. Therefore, the company will be able to increase their sales with significant margin. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Potential Clients Growth in sales Veg Centre 50 63 79 99 124 17% Retail Outlets 100 125 156 195 244 25% Other Shops 20 22 24 26 29 10% Table 2: Market Analysis Figure 2: Growth in sales The other market segments that will be considered are oriental vegetable markets that require both semi-organic and organic vegetables, processors of vegetable, commodity and farmers market and roadside stands. Therefore, it will help the company to market their product and receiving correct value from the market and from the clients. 4.2 Target Market The prime target of the company will be small scale farmers of rural areas. The other target market that will help the Greenish Farm to generate valuable earnings and price for their products is export markets and retail outlets in the selected market (Hughes, 2012). Therefore, company can gain high benefit from the commodity market and it can increase the value of the company and in future more number of customers may prefer to deal with Greenish Farm for the product. 5. Strategy and Implementation The strategy of the Greenish Farm is to earn profit by receiving right value of the product supplied in the commodity market. Further, the company will utilize advanced agricultural technology so that quality production can be generated and it will help in receiving industry advantage. Moreover, exact price will be received for the supply of product. Therefore, the main goal of the company in the first year is to develop the entire project and engage all the required resources so that product can be produced all the year (Kaufman, 2010). On the other hand, the long term plan of the company is to grow more selective agricultural product and penetrate to further other commodity market from where they can generate huge profit margin. 5.1 Competitive Edge The main competitive advantage of Greenhouse Farm is producing products using hydroponic technique which ensures whole year production. Moreover, the company has huge experience in the agricultural product industry and the company has idea that which product will do good business and will ensure better price value in the commodity market (Kleiner, 2008). Therefore, it will help the company in having a competitive edge over other new or existing competitors in the market. 5.2 Marketing Strategy The effective marketing strategy will help in gaining maximum benefit and increasing the sale of the products. Therefore, Greenish Farm will trade and supply their goods to the decided outlets aggressively. Moreover, local markets will be focused initially to have a long term benefit. On the other hand, the hydroponic facilities will be used efficiently and smartly so that the company does not fall short of products in marketing the product in commodity markets (Lambin and Schuiling, 2012). 5.3 Marketing Plan In order to gain higher benefit from the proposed business, the Greenish owners have formed effective marketing plan that will ensure better return and fair value for the product. Pricing Strategy: The Greenish Farm will be fixing the price of the products as per the current market value as it will help the company to receive fair price from the retailers and other stores for supplying the products. On the other hand, the company will not fix the price below the market value as it will lead to losses for them and they will not be able to cover up their cost or invested amount (Liozu and Hinterhuber, 2012). Moreover, if company tries to charge low price for product then it can create doubt in the mind of clients about the quality of product. Therefore, accurate price has to be set so that the company can market their product effectively in the commodity market. Promotion: Greenish Farm will promote their commodity market by putting banners and hoardings or circulating brochures in the rural areas so that more numbers of small scale farmers can be become aware about the move of the company. Therefore, farmers can turn up to commodity market in order to get right price for their product in the market. This will not only help the Greenish Farm but also it will help the farmers that are not fairly paid for their product (Longenecker, 2008). The small scale farmers can make decision about which product they want to market in commodity market so that they can generate better income out of it. Engaging Employee: Greenish Farm will hire efficient employee that will inform small scale farmers about the benefit that they can generate from the commodity market. Therefore, the small scale will able to understand that will gain and the amount of price that they will receive for their product (Lowson, 2011). On the other hand, the employee can train the farmers how to improve the quality of the product so that they can get accurate value for each product supplied. Moreover, the company can engage different employee for different kinds of products such as agricultural products or mined products. Therefore, each small scale farmers can gain better value and profits over their cost (Luther, 2011). Forecasting Sale: Greenish Farm will be engaged in predicting the sale that different farmers group can generate from their specific products. Therefore, it will help the farmers to decide when to take their products in commodity markets so that they can receive high margin and compete with the other people that sell products in big supermarket or retail house (Lymbersky, 2009). It has been computed that small scale farmers can be able to generate sale up to 495000 in starting year which will gradually get better in the next year. Situation Analysis: Greenish Farm will use the SWOT analysis to study the current condition of the small scale farmers so that better commodity market can be designed for them and receiver higher benefit. The major strength that has been noticed by the company is that the farmers have huge knowledge about the agricultural products and which products can provide them higher advantage (Mackay and Wilmshurst, 2012). On the other hand, the weakness of the small scale farmers is that they are not able to gain right value for selling their product in the regular market. Apart from that, the major opportunities for the farmers are that they can turn up to the commodity market as they can receive beneficial clients from whom they can receive fair amount for product. Moreover, the major threat that can be faced by the small scale farmers is from the farmers that are technology equipped as they can produce high quality product for which they can gain better value than the small scale farmers ( MacMillan and Venkataraman, 2009). 6. Management Summary In order to look out to the effectiveness of commodity market, the Greenish Farm has engaged efficient management that can provide significant and satisfactory support to the small scale farmers so that they can trade their product effectively. On the other hand, the company has hired project manager will help in developing feasible commodity market for the farmers (Marburger, 2012). Therefore, a personnel plan has been designed that comprises project manager that will handle job relating to design and constructing the commodity market. Further, a consultant will be appointed so that right guidance can be sought for creating an effective and beneficial commodity market. People Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Project Manager 180000 186000 199000 211000 230000 Consultant 40000 45000 53000 60000 64000 Commodity Manager 120000 127000 131000 135000 140000 Total People 3 3 3 3 3 Total Payroll 340000 358000 383000 406000 434000 Table 3: Personnel Plan Figure 3: Company Structure of Greenish Farm 7. Operation Plan Location: The Greenish Farm has decided to develop and start commodity market in Ndola, Zambia as the management of the company has found that small scale farmers that belong or reside near to this location suffer problem in getting right value for the product and also a perfect market where they can trade their product (McDaniel and Gates, 2012). Therefore, location of Ndola is feasible for the company to accumulate the products of farmers and provide them right price for their different product. Therefore, the small scale farmers may not be cheated from the business people. Moreover, the commodity market will allow around 30 small scale farmers to trade in one time. Supply and Inventory Management: In order to develop commodity market, the company will be arranging all the required resources and materials that will help in designing a commodity market in large scale that can provide service to maximum farmers. On the other hand, the company is engaged with the suppliers and build strong relationship so that required material can be organized for the development of commodity market (Mooradian et al. 2012). Apart from that, the company will remove the inventory that is not productive or useful in the commodity market. Moreover, the company will design a warehouse so that farmers can place their product till its sale. Therefore, small scale farmers can organize their product and will also receive high advantage from commodity market. Training Plans: The Greenish Farm has to provide training to the staff so that product of the farmers can be arranged and handled in effective way so that the product does not get damaged. On the other hand, the training will help the employees to provide required detail to small scale farmers about the benefit in trading in commodity market so that they can take their product from regular market to commodity market (Morris et al. 2011). Assess Market performance: The Company will engage a market specialist that will assess the performance of the commodity market whether the farmers are receiving the expected benefit or not (Mullins, 2009). Therefore, if the market will show positive result then the company will penetrate to other location to serve the farmers. Budget Plan: The budget will be planned for developing a commodity market in Ndola so that large small scale farmers can be served and better value can be provided to them. The effective budget will be prepared which will ensure better profit and revenue to the different groups of farmers (Nielsen, 2011). 8. Financial Projections Profit and Loss Projections Year-by-year profit and loss assumptions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Annual cumulative price (revenue) increase - 2.00% 4.00% 6.00% 8.00% Annual cumulative inflation (expense) increase - 2.00% 4.00% 6.00% 8.00% Interest rate on ending cash balance 0.50% 0.50% 0.50% 0.50% 0.50% Particulars Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Revenue Gross revenue $4,95,600 $5,05,512 $5,25,732 $5,57,276 $6,01,859 Cost of goods sold 2,15,790 2,20,106 2,28,910 2,42,645 2,62,056 Gross margin $2,79,810 $2,85,406 $2,96,822 $3,14,632 $3,39,802 Other revenue [source] $0 $0 $10,000 $0 $0 Interest income $1,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total revenue $2,80,810 $2,85,406 $3,06,822 $3,14,632 $3,39,802 Operating expenses Sales and marketing $40,000 $40,800 $42,432 $44,978 $48,576 Payroll and payroll taxes 60,000 $61,200 $63,648 $67,467 $72,864 Depreciation 40,000 40,800 41,600 42,400 43,200 Insurance 40,000 $40,800 $42,432 $44,978 $48,576 Maintenance, repair, and overhaul 15,000 15,300 15,600 15,900 16,200 Utilities 30,000 $30,600 $31,824 $33,733 $36,432 Property taxes 15,000 $15,300 $15,912 $16,867 $18,216 Administrative fees 18,000 $18,360 $19,094 $20,240 $21,859 Other 4,000 $4,080 $4,243 $4,498 $4,858 Total operating expenses $2,62,000 $2,67,240 $2,76,786 $2,91,061 $3,10,782 Operating income $18,810 $18,166 $30,037 $23,571 $29,021 Interest expense on long-term debt 3,365 2,687 1,974 1,226 440 Operating income before other items $15,445 $15,480 $28,063 $22,345 $28,581 Loss (gain) on sale of assets 0 0 1,000 0 0 Other unusual expenses (income) 0 0 0 0 0 Earnings before taxes $15,445 $15,480 $29,063 $22,345 $28,581 Taxes on income (30%) 4,633 4,644 8,719 6,704 8,574 Net income (loss) $10,811 $10,836 $20,344 $15,642 $20,006 Cash Flow Projection Activities Particulars Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total Operating activities Net income $10,811 $10,836 $20,344 $15,642 $20,006 $77,639 Depreciation 40,000 40,800 41,600 42,400 43,200 2,08,000 Accounts receivable 0 0 0 0 0 0 Inventories 0 0 0 0 0 0 Accounts payable 0 1,500 0 -2,000 0 -500 Amortization 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other liabilities 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other operating cash flow items 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total operating activities $50,811 $53,136 $61,944 $56,042 $63,206 $2,85,139 Investing activities Capital expenditures $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Acquisition of business 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sale of fixed assets $0 $0 ($1,000) $0 $0 -1,000 Other investing cash flow items 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total investing activities $0 $0 ($1,000) $0 $0 ($1,000) Financing activities Long-term debt/financing $86,427 ($64,252) $10,036 $34,287 ($91,498) ($25,000) Preferred stock 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total cash dividends paid 0 0 0 0 0 0 Common stock 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other financing cash flow items 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total financing activities $86,427 ($64,252) $10,036 $34,287 ($91,498) ($25,000) Cumulative cash flow $1,37,238 ($11,116) $70,980 $90,329 ($28,292) $2,59,139 Beginning cash balance $50,000 $1,87,238 $1,76,122 $2,47,102 $3,37,431 Ending cash balance $1,87,238 $1,76,122 $2,47,102 $3,37,431 $3,09,139 Balance Sheet Particulars Initial balance Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Assets Cash and short-term investments $50,000 $1,87,238 $1,76,122 $2,47,102 $3,37,431 $3,09,139 Accounts receivable 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 Total inventory 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 Prepaid expenses 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deferred income tax 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other current assets 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 Total current assets $83,000 $2,20,238 $2,09,122 $2,80,102 $3,70,431 $3,42,139 Buildings $1,00,000 $1,00,000 $1,00,000 $1,00,000 $1,00,000 $1,00,000 Land 1,00,000 1,00,000 1,00,000 1,00,000 1,00,000 1,00,000 Capital improvements 0 0 0 0 0 0 Machinery and equipment 1,00,000 1,00,000 1,00,000 1,00,000 1,00,000 1,00,000 Less: Accumulated depreciation expense 0 40,000 80,800 1,22,400 1,64,800 2,08,000 Net property/equipment $3,00,000 $2,60,000 $2,19,200 $1,77,600 $1,35,200 $92,000 Goodwill $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Deferred income tax 0 0 0 0 0 0 Long-term investments 0 0 0 0 0 0 Deposits 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other long-term assets 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total assets $3,83,000 $4,80,238 $4,28,322 $4,57,702 $5,05,631 $4,34,139 Liabilities Initial balance Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Accounts payable $2,000 $2,000 $3,500 $3,500 $1,500 $1,500 Accrued expenses 0 0 0 0 0 0 Notes payable/short-term debt 0 0 0 0 0 0 Capital leases 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other current liabilities 100 100 100 100 100 100 Total current liabilities $2,100 $2,100 $3,600 $3,600 $1,600 $1,600 Long-term debt from loan payment calculator $75,000 $61,427 $47,175 $32,211 $16,498 $0 Other long-term debt $1,00,000 $2,00,000 $1,50,000 $1,75,000 $2,25,000 $1,50,000 Total debt $1,77,100 $2,63,527 $2,00,775 $2,10,811 $2,43,098 $1,51,600 Other liabilities 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total liabilities $77,100 $63,527 $50,775 $35,811 $18,098 $1,600 Equity Initial balance Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Owner's equity (common) $50,000 $50,000 $50,000 $50,000 $50,000 $50,000 Paid-in capital 2,50,000 2,50,000 2,50,000 2,50,000 2,50,000 2,50,000 Preferred equity 0 0 0 0 0 0 Retained earnings 0 10,811 21,647 41,991 57,633 77,639 Total equity $3,00,000 $3,10,811 $3,21,647 $3,41,991 $3,57,633 $3,77,639 Total liabilities and equity $3,77,100 $3,74,338 $3,72,422 $3,77,802 $3,75,731 $3,79,239 Loan payment Annual interest rate 5.0% Monthly rate 0.41% Loan amount $75,000 Term of loan (months) 60 Payment ($1,411.53) Month Principal balance Principal payment Interest Payment 1 $75,000 ($1,106) ($306) ($1,412) 2 73,894 -1,110 -301 ($1,412) 3 72,784 -1,115 -297 ($1,412) 4 71,669 -1,120 -292 ($1,412) 5 70,549 -1,124 -287 ($1,412) 6 69,425 -1,129 -283 ($1,412) 7 68,296 -1,133 -278 ($1,412) 8 67,163 -1,138 -274 ($1,412) 9 66,025 -1,143 -269 ($1,412) 10 64,883 -1,147 -264 ($1,412) 11 63,735 -1,152 -260 ($1,412) 12 62,583 -1,157 -255 ($1,412) 13 61,427 -1,161 -250 ($1,412) 14 60,266 -1,166 -246 ($1,412) 15 59,100 -1,171 -241 ($1,412) 16 57,929 -1,176 -236 ($1,412) 17 56,753 -1,180 -231 ($1,412) 18 55,573 -1,185 -226 ($1,412) 19 54,388 -1,190 -222 ($1,412) 20 53,198 -1,195 -217 ($1,412) 21 52,003 -1,200 -212 ($1,412) 22 50,804 -1,205 -207 ($1,412) 23 49,599 -1,209 -202 ($1,412) 24 48,390 -1,214 -197 ($1,412) 25 47,175 -1,219 -192 ($1,412) 26 45,956 -1,224 -187 ($1,412) 27 44,731 -1,229 -182 ($1,412) 28 43,502 -1,234 -177 ($1,412) 29 42,268 -1,239 -172 ($1,412) 30 41,029 -1,244 -167 ($1,412) 31 39,784 -1,249 -162 ($1,412) 32 38,535 -1,255 -157 ($1,412) 33 37,280 -1,260 -152 ($1,412) 34 36,021 -1,265 -147 ($1,412) 35 34,756 -1,270 -142 ($1,412) 36 33,486 -1,275 -136 ($1,412) 37 32,211 -1,280 -131 ($1,412) 38 30,930 -1,286 -126 ($1,412) 39 29,645 -1,291 -121 ($1,412) 40 28,354 -1,296 -116 ($1,412) 41 27,058 -1,301 -110 ($1,412) 42 25,757 -1,307 -105 ($1,412) 43 24,450 -1,312 -100 ($1,412) 44 23,138 -1,317 -94 ($1,412) 45 21,821 -1,323 -89 ($1,412) 46 20,499 -1,328 -84 ($1,412) 47 19,170 -1,333 -78 ($1,412) 48 17,837 -1,339 -73 ($1,412) 49 16,498 -1,344 -67 ($1,412) 50 15,154 -1,350 -62 ($1,412) 51 13,804 -1,355 -56 ($1,412) 52 12,449 -1,361 -51 ($1,412) 53 11,088 -1,366 -45 ($1,412) 54 9,722 -1,372 -40 ($1,412) 55 8,350 -1,378 -34 ($1,412) 56 6,972 -1,383 -28 ($1,412) 57 5,589 -1,389 -23 ($1,412) 58 4,200 -1,394 -17 ($1,412) 59 2,806 -1,400 -11 ($1,412) 60 1,406 -1,406 -6 ($1,412) 61 0 0 -0 $0 62 0 0 -0 $0 References Abrams, R. 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